Input Data
Enter the operational and fuel data for the steam boiler.
System Configuration
Ultimate Analysis of Coal (%)
Operational & Ambient Data
Ash Breakdown & Other Losses
Direct Method Parameters (Input-Output)
Detailed Calculations
Step-by-step indirect method formulas and results (per BEE methodology).
1. Theoretical Air Requirement (Wt)
Wt = [(11.6 × C) + 34.8 × (H2 - O2/8) + (4.35 × S)] / 100
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2. Excess Air Supplied (EA)
EA = [O2% / (21 - O2%)] × 100
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3. Actual Mass of Air Supplied (AAS)
AAS = [1 + (EA / 100)] × Wt
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4. Mass of Dry Flue Gas (m)
m = AAS + 1 - (Moisture/100) - (9 × H2/100) - (Ash/100)
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Heat Loss Breakdown
L1: Theo. Dry Flue Gas Loss
Formula: m_th × Cp × (Tf - Ta) × 100 / GCV-
L2: Loss due to Excess Air
Formula: m_ea × Cp × (Tf - Ta) × 100 / GCV-
L3: Evaporating H2 Water
Formula: (9×H2/100) × [584 + 0.45(Tf-Ta)]...-
L4: Moisture in Fuel
Formula: (M/100) × [584 + 0.45(Tf-Ta)]...-
L5: Moisture in Air
Formula: AAS × Humidity × 0.45 × (Tf - Ta)...-
L6: Unburnt in Fly Ash
Formula: Unburnt mass × 8084 × 100 / GCV-
L7: Unburnt in Bottom Ash
Formula: Unburnt mass × 8084 × 100 / GCV-
L8: Incomplete Comb. (CO)
Formula: [%CO × C] / [%CO + %CO2] ...-
L9: Sensible Heat Bottom Ash
Formula: m_ash × Cp_ash × (T_ash - Ta) ...-
L10: Radiation & Unaccounted
Formula: Assumed Value-
Direct Method Steps (Input-Output)
Energy Output (Steam)
Q_steam × (H_steam - h_water)-
Energy Input (Fuel)
Q_fuel × GCV-
Calculated Efficiency
(Output / Input) × 100-
Output Summary
Overall boiler efficiency and loss distribution.
Indirect Efficiency (Heat Loss)
Eff = 100 - (L1 + L2 + L3 + ... + L10)
Direct Efficiency (Input-Output)
Eff = [Q_steam × (H_steam - h_water)] / [Q_fuel × GCV] × 100